EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection)
A. PRINCIPLES OF EFI
Fuel injection control system today is growing rapidly, particularly in gasoline engines. But we must remember that not only the vehicles with gasoline fuel injection control system uses. The EFI system is designed to measure the amount of air inhaled and to control the fuel injection accordingly.
B. TYPES OF SYSTEM EFI
The EFI system is designed to measure the amount of air inhaled and control the fuel injection accordingly. Large air is sucked directly measured by the pressure in the intake manipold or the amount of air in the airflow meter.
1. Type D-EFI
Measure the incoming air in the intake manifold pressure.
2. Type L-EFI
In the L-EFI system, airflow meter directly measures the amount of air flowing through the intake manipold so that the resulting data is more accurate. Today, the vehicle type L-EFI EFI is more widely used.
C. BASIC STRUCTURE SYSTEM EFI
EFI systems can generally be divided into three systems functions, namely:
inlet air control system (Air Induction System)
gasoline distribution system (Fuel Delivery System)
electronic control system (Electronic Control System)
Schematic drawing EFI basic arrangement is:
D. AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM (AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM)
Clean air from the air filter into the airflow meter with a measuring plate opening, grand opening is dependent on the speed of the air flow into the intake chamber which is influenced by the wide-open throttle.
1. Schematic diagram of type D inlet air-EFI.
2. Schematic diagram of L-type air intake EFI
E. NAME SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS EFI
1. Throttle body
Therottle body is a component of the air control system as the main channel through which the air, before it goes into the intake manipold.
On the throttle body there are:
throttle valve
TPS (Throttle Position Sensor)
IAC (Idle Air Control)
FIAC (Fast Idle Air Control)
ISAS (Idle Speed Adjusting Screw)
Picture: Throttle Body
2. Throttle Position Sensor
Throttle Position Sensor function detects the throttle valve opening angle. TPS is connected directly to the throttle valve axis, if the throttle valve moves, the TPS will detect the change in the opening of the throttle valve. Furthermore, by using shearing resistance, this resistance change is sent to the ECU as an input to the correction ratio of air and gasoline.
Picture: Throttle Position Sensor
3. Intake Air Temperature
Intake air temperature sensor is usually mounted on the air cleaner or air cleaner hose between the throttle body. The intake air temperature sensor in the form of a thermistor with a semiconductor material that has the properties of heat, the temperature the smaller the value of his prisoner.
Image: Intake Air Temperature
4. Air Flow Meter
MAF (Mass Air Flow Meter) one type of sensor with the type of measuring plate, which consists of the measuring plate, spring Protects, and potentiometers.
Air entering the water intake chamber is detected by opening and closing movement of the measuring plate. Gauge plate is retained by a spring Protects. Plate gauges and potentiometers moving on the same axis so that the angle opens gauge plate will be modified potentiometer resistance value. Variations of this resistance value will be output dirbah voltage sensor to the ECM as the basis for determining the amount of air entering the intake to the water chamber. Image: Air Flow Meter closing position
Image: Air Flow Meter open position
5. Fast Idle Air Control
Fast idle control water are made of thermo wax that works according to the engine temperature. When the temperature is still cold, thermo wax not inflate so the amount of air that enters through the bypass channels become more numerous. When the engine temperature is hot, the thermo wax expands so that the bypass channel will be narrowed. The amount of incoming air is reduced, engine rpm to idle round
Image: Fast idle air control (Cold)
Image: Fast idle air control position (Heat)
F. SYSTEM FUEL (Fuel System)
The most fundamental difference between a carburetor system with the injection system on the fuel supply system is the injection system, the supply of fuel from the gas tank to the engine is electronically controlled by the ECM, whereas the carburator system, the supply of gasoline from the tank to the combustion chamber is controlled by a key contact.
The main components of the fuel delivery system are:
fuel pump
fuel filter
Fuel pressure regulator
pulsation dumper
injector
Diagrams EFI fuel system
FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
1. Fuel Pump
In all types of engines with injection, placement of gas stations are always in the gas tank. Type used is electrically with an electric motor. The pump consists of a motor, the pump itself, check valve, relief valve and a filter that is placed at the pump inlet.
2. Fuel Filter
Fuel Filter function to filter dirt and other foreign particles from the gas so as not to get into the injector. Fuel filterdipasangkan the high pressure line from the fuel pump. Fuel filters there are placed outside the gas tank, there is also placed inside the gas tank.
3. Fuel Pressure Regulator
Fuel Pressure Regulator controls the fuel pressure to the injectors - injector. The amount of fuel injection is controlled corresponding signal given the old ECU to the injector. Therefore, the pressure remains on the injector should be maintained.
Due to a change in pressure on gasoline (petrol injection by injectors) and the variation of the intake manifold vacuum changes, the amount of fuel injected signal sedkit unchanged despite pressure gasoline injection and fixed. Therefore, in order that the appropriate amount of injection, the fuel pressure should be maintained at 2.1 ~ 2.6 kg / cm2
4. The pulsation damper
Pulsation damper mounted on a pipe delivery serves to absorb the gas pressure variations caused by changes in the intake manifold vacuum and gas injection by the injector to help maintain the gas pressure at 2.1 to 2.6 kg / cm2 in the divider pipe (pipe delivery)
5. Injector
Injector nozzle electromagnet is controlled by the operation of the ECU to inject fuel into the intake manifold. Injector mounted on the end of the intake manifold near the intake ports (holes income) and guaranteed by the pipe delivery.
G. ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM (ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM)
In addition to the ECU which serves to control the huge injection of gasoline and all electronic activity, there is also a sensor on the engine - sensors in addition to those already described above correction system that functions as an air fuel ratio and ignition as well as the control system. Sensor - the sensor is described along with an electronic control system that also will discuss in more detail work than ECU.
Sensors are:
ECT (Electronic Temperature Control)
TPS (Throttle Position Sensor)
VSS (Vehicle Speed Sensor)
CMP (Camshaft Position Sensor)
CKP (Crankshaft Position Sensor)
oxygen Sensor
PART NAMES AND FUNCTIONS OF ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM
1. ECT (Electronic Temperature Control)
ECT is made of a thermistor, which is a variable resistor that is affected by temperature. Working closely with IAT ECT, only the detection of different functions. ECT function detects the temperature of engine cooling water as a major input to correct ECM injection gasoline injector. ECT also serves as an engine cooling water temperature control to the driver via the temperature gauge on the instrument panel.
2. TPS (Throttle Position Sensor)
Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) is connected to the throttle valve shaft on the throttle bodyuntuk detect throttle valve opening.
3. VSS (Vehicle Speed Sensor)
The sensor is mounted on the transmission and is driven by the output shaft gear driver. VSS type used is the type of MRE (Magnetic Resistance Element). VSS signal generated by the form of the wave back - back, by the comparator (contained in the speed sensors on the instrument panel) wave back - back is converted into a digital signal which is then transmitted to the ECU.
4. CMP (Camshaft Position Sensor)
CMP sensor consists of electronic components contained in the sensor case and can not be adjusted or repaired. This sensor detects the position of the piston in the compression step through the rotation of the rotor is rotated signal directly by the camshaft to determine the position of the opening and closing of intake and exhaust valve.
The digital signal from the CMP, the ECU is used to process the work of the EFI system together with the signal from the CKP sensor.
5. CKP (Crankshaft Position Sensor)
CKP consists of a magnet and a coil placed at the bottom of the timing belt pulley or behind the V-belt pulley. When the machine spins CKP generates an electric voltage pulses.
CKP sensor is used as the primary sensor for detecting engine rpm, the output signal from the CKP sensor is sent to the ECU to determine the basic injection volume.
Besides being used to detect engine rotation, CKP sensor is also used as the main sensor ignition system. The output signal from the CKP sensor is used to determine the ignition timing ECU.
6. Oxygen Sensor
O2 sensor is mounted in the exhaust manifold which is used to detect the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gases of vehicles, calculate the ratio of air and fuel, and inform the results to the ECU.
When oxygen levels in the flue gas is high, the ECU will conclude that the mixture is too lean (more air)
When the oxygen level in the exhaust gas is low, the ECU will conclude that the mixture is too fat (more gasoline).
A. PRINCIPLES OF EFI
Fuel injection control system today is growing rapidly, particularly in gasoline engines. But we must remember that not only the vehicles with gasoline fuel injection control system uses. The EFI system is designed to measure the amount of air inhaled and to control the fuel injection accordingly.
B. TYPES OF SYSTEM EFI
The EFI system is designed to measure the amount of air inhaled and control the fuel injection accordingly. Large air is sucked directly measured by the pressure in the intake manipold or the amount of air in the airflow meter.
1. Type D-EFI
Measure the incoming air in the intake manifold pressure.
2. Type L-EFI
In the L-EFI system, airflow meter directly measures the amount of air flowing through the intake manipold so that the resulting data is more accurate. Today, the vehicle type L-EFI EFI is more widely used.
C. BASIC STRUCTURE SYSTEM EFI
EFI systems can generally be divided into three systems functions, namely:
inlet air control system (Air Induction System)
gasoline distribution system (Fuel Delivery System)
electronic control system (Electronic Control System)
Schematic drawing EFI basic arrangement is:
D. AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM (AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM)
Clean air from the air filter into the airflow meter with a measuring plate opening, grand opening is dependent on the speed of the air flow into the intake chamber which is influenced by the wide-open throttle.
1. Schematic diagram of type D inlet air-EFI.
2. Schematic diagram of L-type air intake EFI
E. NAME SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS EFI
1. Throttle body
Therottle body is a component of the air control system as the main channel through which the air, before it goes into the intake manipold.
On the throttle body there are:
throttle valve
TPS (Throttle Position Sensor)
IAC (Idle Air Control)
FIAC (Fast Idle Air Control)
ISAS (Idle Speed Adjusting Screw)
Picture: Throttle Body
2. Throttle Position Sensor
Throttle Position Sensor function detects the throttle valve opening angle. TPS is connected directly to the throttle valve axis, if the throttle valve moves, the TPS will detect the change in the opening of the throttle valve. Furthermore, by using shearing resistance, this resistance change is sent to the ECU as an input to the correction ratio of air and gasoline.
Picture: Throttle Position Sensor
3. Intake Air Temperature
Intake air temperature sensor is usually mounted on the air cleaner or air cleaner hose between the throttle body. The intake air temperature sensor in the form of a thermistor with a semiconductor material that has the properties of heat, the temperature the smaller the value of his prisoner.
Image: Intake Air Temperature
4. Air Flow Meter
MAF (Mass Air Flow Meter) one type of sensor with the type of measuring plate, which consists of the measuring plate, spring Protects, and potentiometers.
Air entering the water intake chamber is detected by opening and closing movement of the measuring plate. Gauge plate is retained by a spring Protects. Plate gauges and potentiometers moving on the same axis so that the angle opens gauge plate will be modified potentiometer resistance value. Variations of this resistance value will be output dirbah voltage sensor to the ECM as the basis for determining the amount of air entering the intake to the water chamber. Image: Air Flow Meter closing position
Image: Air Flow Meter open position
5. Fast Idle Air Control
Fast idle control water are made of thermo wax that works according to the engine temperature. When the temperature is still cold, thermo wax not inflate so the amount of air that enters through the bypass channels become more numerous. When the engine temperature is hot, the thermo wax expands so that the bypass channel will be narrowed. The amount of incoming air is reduced, engine rpm to idle round
Image: Fast idle air control (Cold)
Image: Fast idle air control position (Heat)
F. SYSTEM FUEL (Fuel System)
The most fundamental difference between a carburetor system with the injection system on the fuel supply system is the injection system, the supply of fuel from the gas tank to the engine is electronically controlled by the ECM, whereas the carburator system, the supply of gasoline from the tank to the combustion chamber is controlled by a key contact.
The main components of the fuel delivery system are:
fuel pump
fuel filter
Fuel pressure regulator
pulsation dumper
injector
Diagrams EFI fuel system
FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
1. Fuel Pump
In all types of engines with injection, placement of gas stations are always in the gas tank. Type used is electrically with an electric motor. The pump consists of a motor, the pump itself, check valve, relief valve and a filter that is placed at the pump inlet.
2. Fuel Filter
Fuel Filter function to filter dirt and other foreign particles from the gas so as not to get into the injector. Fuel filterdipasangkan the high pressure line from the fuel pump. Fuel filters there are placed outside the gas tank, there is also placed inside the gas tank.
3. Fuel Pressure Regulator
Fuel Pressure Regulator controls the fuel pressure to the injectors - injector. The amount of fuel injection is controlled corresponding signal given the old ECU to the injector. Therefore, the pressure remains on the injector should be maintained.
Due to a change in pressure on gasoline (petrol injection by injectors) and the variation of the intake manifold vacuum changes, the amount of fuel injected signal sedkit unchanged despite pressure gasoline injection and fixed. Therefore, in order that the appropriate amount of injection, the fuel pressure should be maintained at 2.1 ~ 2.6 kg / cm2
4. The pulsation damper
Pulsation damper mounted on a pipe delivery serves to absorb the gas pressure variations caused by changes in the intake manifold vacuum and gas injection by the injector to help maintain the gas pressure at 2.1 to 2.6 kg / cm2 in the divider pipe (pipe delivery)
5. Injector
Injector nozzle electromagnet is controlled by the operation of the ECU to inject fuel into the intake manifold. Injector mounted on the end of the intake manifold near the intake ports (holes income) and guaranteed by the pipe delivery.
G. ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM (ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM)
In addition to the ECU which serves to control the huge injection of gasoline and all electronic activity, there is also a sensor on the engine - sensors in addition to those already described above correction system that functions as an air fuel ratio and ignition as well as the control system. Sensor - the sensor is described along with an electronic control system that also will discuss in more detail work than ECU.
Sensors are:
ECT (Electronic Temperature Control)
TPS (Throttle Position Sensor)
VSS (Vehicle Speed Sensor)
CMP (Camshaft Position Sensor)
CKP (Crankshaft Position Sensor)
oxygen Sensor
PART NAMES AND FUNCTIONS OF ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM
1. ECT (Electronic Temperature Control)
ECT is made of a thermistor, which is a variable resistor that is affected by temperature. Working closely with IAT ECT, only the detection of different functions. ECT function detects the temperature of engine cooling water as a major input to correct ECM injection gasoline injector. ECT also serves as an engine cooling water temperature control to the driver via the temperature gauge on the instrument panel.
2. TPS (Throttle Position Sensor)
Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) is connected to the throttle valve shaft on the throttle bodyuntuk detect throttle valve opening.
3. VSS (Vehicle Speed Sensor)
The sensor is mounted on the transmission and is driven by the output shaft gear driver. VSS type used is the type of MRE (Magnetic Resistance Element). VSS signal generated by the form of the wave back - back, by the comparator (contained in the speed sensors on the instrument panel) wave back - back is converted into a digital signal which is then transmitted to the ECU.
4. CMP (Camshaft Position Sensor)
CMP sensor consists of electronic components contained in the sensor case and can not be adjusted or repaired. This sensor detects the position of the piston in the compression step through the rotation of the rotor is rotated signal directly by the camshaft to determine the position of the opening and closing of intake and exhaust valve.
The digital signal from the CMP, the ECU is used to process the work of the EFI system together with the signal from the CKP sensor.
5. CKP (Crankshaft Position Sensor)
CKP consists of a magnet and a coil placed at the bottom of the timing belt pulley or behind the V-belt pulley. When the machine spins CKP generates an electric voltage pulses.
CKP sensor is used as the primary sensor for detecting engine rpm, the output signal from the CKP sensor is sent to the ECU to determine the basic injection volume.
Besides being used to detect engine rotation, CKP sensor is also used as the main sensor ignition system. The output signal from the CKP sensor is used to determine the ignition timing ECU.
6. Oxygen Sensor
O2 sensor is mounted in the exhaust manifold which is used to detect the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gases of vehicles, calculate the ratio of air and fuel, and inform the results to the ECU.
When oxygen levels in the flue gas is high, the ECU will conclude that the mixture is too lean (more air)
When the oxygen level in the exhaust gas is low, the ECU will conclude that the mixture is too fat (more gasoline).
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